---
title: "转速与进给基础：RPM 与进给速度公式"
description: "两个数字决定刀具是耐用还是报废：主轴转速和进给速度。它们都来自一对可以手算的公式。"
image: "https://nestingcalc.com/og-default.png"
url: "https://nestingcalc.com/cn/guides/feeds-and-speeds-basics/"
locale: "zh-Hans"
---

# 转速与进给基础：RPM 与进给速度公式

两个数字决定刀具是耐用还是报废：主轴转速和进给速度。它们都来自一对可以手算的公式。

## 两个数字

转速是主轴转多快——RPM。进给是刀具穿过材料多快——mm/min 或 in/min。两者都对，刀具就能干净排屑、低温运行；任一不对，就会摩擦、发热、烧焦或崩断刀具。每个 CNC 任务都从这两个值开始。

## RPM 公式

RPM = Vc × 1000 ÷ (π × D)，Vc 为切削速度（m/min），D 为刀具直径（mm）（英制：RPM = SFM × 3.82 ÷ 英寸直径）。于是一支 6 mm 硬质合金立铣刀在铝上以 Vc 300 加工约为 15900 RPM——机床上限和刚性决定剩下的部分。

## 进给公式

进给速度 = RPM × 刃数 × 每齿进给量。每齿进给量是每颗齿咬掉的厚度——木材和塑料通常 0.05–0.2 mm，金属 0.01–0.08 mm。15900 RPM、2 刃、0.05 mm 每齿时，进给 = 1590 mm/min。进给和转速联动：改一个，另一个跟着变。

## 听声音读切削

每齿进给量太低，刀具是摩擦而不是切削——发热、刃口釉化，金属上加工硬化、塑料上熔边。太高则主轴负载，刀具让刀或崩断。听平稳的排屑声：尖啸说明摩擦，颤振说明啮合过大。

## 从验证过的预设起步

[进给与转速](https://nestingcalc.com/cn/feeds-speeds-calculator/) 内置常用材料的起始值——软木、胶合板、MDF、硬木、亚克力、铝、ABS——覆盖雕刻机和铣床，并可按你的刀具几何在两种单位制下算出转速与进给。

[进给与转速](https://nestingcalc.com/cn/feeds-speeds-calculator/) [打开线性切割计算器](https://nestingcalc.com/cn/linear-cutting-calculator/)

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