---
title: "Cutting Stock Problem, Dijelaskan Sederhana"
description: "Apa itu cutting stock problem, kenapa ia NP-hard, dan bagaimana optimizer 1D dan 2D (guillotine vs nesting sejati) menemukan solusi bagus dengan cepat."
image: "https://nestingcalc.com/og-default.png"
url: "https://nestingcalc.com/id/guides/cutting-stock-problem/"
locale: "id"
---

# Cutting Stock Problem, Dijelaskan Sederhana

Apa itu cutting stock problem, kenapa ia NP-hard, dan bagaimana optimizer 1D dan 2D (guillotine vs nesting sejati) menemukan solusi bagus dengan cepat.

## Apa itu cutting stock problem?

Diberikan panjang bahan baku (batang, papan, lembaran) dan daftar keping yang diminta, potong semua keping dari bahan sesedikit mungkin. Kedengarannya sepele; secara matematis ini NP-hard — jumlah kombinasinya meledak seiring panjangnya daftar keping.

## 1D, 2D, dan potongan guillotine

1D berarti satu dimensi: pipa, profil, stud. 2D menambah lebar — triplek, kaca, plat logam. Potongan guillotine berjalan dari tepi ke tepi (yang dilakukan panel saw); nesting sejati mengizinkan rotasi bebas dan penataan non-guillotine (yang dilakukan laser dan router).

## Kenapa solusi eksak jarang dipakai

Hanya instance kecil yang bisa diselesaikan secara eksak (pemrograman dinamis atau bilangan bulat). Industri mengandalkan heuristik — First Fit Decreasing, Best Fit Decreasing, algoritma shelf — yang biasanya mendarat dalam beberapa persen dari optimum dalam hitungan milidetik.

## Kerf dan jebakan dunia nyata lainnya

Setiap potongan memakan material: kerf mata gergaji 3 mm menambah 3 mm per potongan, dan 50 potongan diam-diam memakan 150 mm bahan baku. Pemakaian ulang potongan sisa, arah serat, dan kehilangan trim sama pentingnya dengan penataannya sendiri.

## Coba pada daftar potong Anda sendiri

[Kalkulator pemotongan linear](https://nestingcalc.com/id/linear-cutting-calculator/) mengoptimalkan daftar batang dan profil; [Kalkulator pemotongan lembaran](https://nestingcalc.com/id/sheet-cutting-calculator/) menangani penataan lembaran guillotine dengan rotasi dan kerf. Tempel daftar Anda dan bandingkan total bahan sebelum dan sesudah.

[Kalkulator pemotongan linear](https://nestingcalc.com/id/linear-cutting-calculator/) [Buka kalkulator pemotongan linear](https://nestingcalc.com/id/linear-cutting-calculator/)

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